Alfred Hüttenbach, Baruch Spinoza

A German-Jewish sculptor trained in Munich, Rome and Paris, Alfred Heinrich Hüttenbach fled Nazi persecution in 1934, settling in London. His expressive work in bronze reflects his humanist ideals. He also wrote about monumental sculpture and was a noted collector of stringed instruments. The subject, Baruch Spinoza, was a Dutch philosopher of Sephardic Jewish descent. Spinoza revolutionized modern thought with his rationalist ethics and pantheistic view of God. His magnum opus, Ethics, proposed